Attempts. Attempts and conspiracies are known as "inchoate" crimes. This is because the full actus reus of the principal offence had not been reached. However, as far as an attempt is concerned, the "full" actus reus of attempt m…

Parties to crime. At common law, parties to a crime are categorized into four groups: Principal in the First Degree Principal in the Second Degree (Aider and Abettor) Accessory Before the Fact Accessory After the Fact Principal in the First Degree T…

The Principle of Causation in Criminal Law Causation refers to the relationship between the accused's actions (or omissions) and the consequences of those actions. A person is considered to have caused an event if, but for their conduct, the eve…

Exceptions to the General Principle of  Actus Reus  and  Mens Rea (a) Strict Liability Under the general principle of criminal law,  mens rea  (a guilty mind) is essential for establishing most crimes. However, in cases of strict liability,  mens re…

1. Criminal Law in Pre-Colonial Tanzania In pre-colonial Tanzania, the foundation of social and political structures began with the family, evolving into clans and eventually tribes, which represented more organized societies with shared territories…

Definition of Crime and Criminal Law Criminal law is a branch of public law, which deals with the relationship between the state and individuals, contrasting with private law that governs interactions among individuals. Criminal law's primary pu…